Archives for March, 2008
Mar 29, 2008 | Uncategorized
SCADA Definition: Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
The Basics of SCADA
SCADA programs are used in industrial process control applications for centralised monitoring and recording of pumps, tank levels, switches, temperatures etc. SCADA systems are also referred to as HMI (Human Machine Interfaces), or the less politically correct MMI (Man Machine Interfaces).
A SCADA program normally runs on a PC and communicates with external instrumentation and control devices. Communications methods can be via direct serial link, radio, modem, fieldbus or Ethernet links. If a mixture of instruments with differing communication interfaces and protocols need to be connected, then converters can be used. SCADA is often used on remote data acquisition systems where the data is viewed and recorded centrally.
The SCADA program has a user configured database which tells the software about the connected instrumentation and which parameters within the instruments are to be accessed. The database may also hold information on how often the parameters of the instruments are accessed and if a parameter is a read only value (e.g. a measured value) or read / write, allowing the operator to change a value (e.g. an alarm setpoint).
The parameters of the instrument being accessed are normally split between analogue (numeric) or logic (digital). When running, the SCADA software continuously updates its own database with the latest analogue and digital values collected from the instrumentation. Some SCADA systems also allow real time calculations to be made on the received data and the results would be available as a “virtual” value.
The real time values can then be used by the SCADA software for:
Mar 29, 2008 | Uncategorized
Conclusion of The Language of Life
The fifth room was full of scribes both male and female. One very large male scribe wore a black leather jacket with the initials “D.M.” stitched on the back. “Stands for dominant male,” said the guide before the visitor could ask.
The dominate male picked up a copy of War and Peace and carried it out of the room. Each of the female scribes picked up a copy and followed the dominant male out of the room. About an equal number of male scribes with “O.M.” stitched on the back of their sweaters picked up a copy each. But instead of taking them out of the room, they simply dumped their books into a trash barrel. Over this container was placed a sign which read “Dead End.”
The guide informed the visitor “O.M.” are initials for “Other Males.” Responding to the visitor’s questions, the guide answered, “We call these gentlemen our Dead End scribes. Many good-error mutations of War and Peace wind up in the Dead End dumpster, but the majority make it to the next room.
The visitor discovered the dominant male and the female scribes had carried their copies to a sixth room. Here in the sixth room sat a wimpish little scribe with big thick glasses. He actually read the books placed on his table. But practically every one he picked up, he discarded on the floor, saying in a peevish little voice, “I don’t like that one.” On rare occasions he would say, “That one is okay.” And he would pass it on to the next room.
The guide explained, “We call the sixth room scribe, Mr. Discrimination. Only a handful of beneficial-error-mutated copies of War and Peace get by his review.”
More surprises were ahead. An enormous pool of water stood directly in front of the single table in the seventh room. The sign beside the water reads: Genetic Pool. Every once in a while, a scribe would come into the room and finding a book on the table, he would unceremoniously push the copy off into the genetic pool.
The visitor looked on in amazement. “Is that all there is to it? Those few positive-error copies of War and Peace that make it past the first six rooms are just pushed off into the drink?”
That’s about it,” responded the guide without expression. “Although on occasion, one of those copies is taken to another room where the whole process starts over.”
“You mean scribes copy the new War and Peace with its “beneficial mistake”; they are reviewed for errors; and one out of five hundred thousand has an additional error. Then, on the average, one out of a thousand of those with additional errors will have a second beneficial mistake. Most of those with a second “good error” are eaten, burned, drown, or otherwise destroyed.
“Of the few two-good-error copies left, some hit end of the line snags, others are shunned because of bias against innovations, and still others are drowned in large gene pools. And I suppose an incremental number of those two-good-error War and Peace copies will make it through all the hazards and wind up in yet another room to be copied by scribes.”
“You got it! And the whole thing repeats itself again and again,” said the guide slapping his knee with enthusiasm.
The visitor thought aloud, “We have a two-good-error War and Peace followed by a three-good-error War and Peace, then a four-good-error copy, etc, etc. But where do all these accumulated mistakes lead us?”
“To other books!” cried the guide. By adding a letter here, substituting one there, changing one punctuation mark to another, sometimes repeating words, sentences, or even entire paragraphs or deleting them, we create new books. We believe that the thirty-two volumes of the Encyclopedia Britannica evolved just that way from a copy of War and Peace. Gradually and incrementally, one book arose from another.”
“Oh,” said the skeptical visitor. “How many characters - letters and punctuation marks - are in the Encyclopedia Britannica?”
“Around 192 million,” stated the guide.
“So you think that a series of mistakes, letter by letter, semicolon by semicolon transformed a unified cohesive body of work, namely War and Peace with its 2.8 million characters into a completely different and much larger unified cohesive body of work - the thirty-two volume Encyclopedia Britannica with its 192 million characters?
“Exactly! Over millions and millions of years of course.”
“Of course,” said the visitor.
War and Peace did not fall into place by accident, neither did its English translation. To create such a comprehensive masterpiece required intelligence, literary expertise, planning, and purposeful action. An author named Leo Tolstoy wrote that book. Encyclopedia Britannica did not evolve by minute random mistakes from War and Peace or any other work. That thirty-two volume set required intelligence, literary expertise, planning, and purposeful action too. Numerous authors and editors combined and coordinated their talents to create this distinctive series of books.
Now how about that “simple” bacteria? That three million nucleotide base form of life did not fall into place by accident any more than did the 2.8 million character War and Peace. To create such a comprehensive masterpiece required extraordinary intelligence, knowledge of chemistry far greater than our own, plus planning, and purposeful action.
Mankind did not evolve from a bacteria any more than did the Encyclopedia Britannica evolve from War and Peace. Something or Someone with a high degree of intelligence and chemical knowledge designed and constructed the bacteria to be what it is. By the same token, Something or Someone with a high degree of intelligence and chemical knowledge designed and constructed humans to be what they are.
Jerry Boone, Gatlinburg, Tennessee, United States mailto:webmaster@merechristianity.us webmaster@merechristianity.us Mr. Boone is a sailor, author, and webmaster of merechristianity.us merechristianity.us with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Anthropology from Georgia State University. His works include: Mere Christianity.us and SAFETY LINE - EVIDENCE OF THINGS NOT SEEN, an apologetic study published 1998.
Mar 28, 2008 | Uncategorized
At present, computers are the “in” thing. After all, this equipment can be used to do many things. It is important for people to know how to use and operate a computer since it is actually used in many applications everywhere. To assist people in knowing more about computers, there are online computer courses made available.
What are online computer courses?
Lessons and important information on computers and their applications are two of the major components of online computer courses. Every exchange of information is done through the Internet, which is the main channel through which these online computer courses work. These courses could be compared to the usual courses we take in schools and universities, yet the main difference is that everything is done virtually through the Internet.
How do online computer courses work?
There are some online computer courses that ask its students to attend virtual classes and virtual lectures. However, there are some courses that only ask its students to read through a given literature on the subject or lesson. Also, there are some courses where students must follow strict schedules when it comes to learning lessons. There are also some courses that allow you to learn at your own pace.
Are these online computer courses free?
There are some online computer courses that are offered for free. However, there are also some that are offered for a fee.
What online computer courses are available?
If you try to search the Internet, you will find that there is a wide range of online computer courses made available. In fact, there are courses on the basics of computers like proper encoding and how to use certain programs. Also, there are online computer courses that deal with programming, website design, and troubleshooting.
e-OnlineCourses.com Online Courses provides detailed information on Online Courses, Online College Courses, Free Online Courses, Online Computer Courses and more. Online Courses is affiliated with i-OnlineTraining.com Online MCSE Training Courses.
Mar 28, 2008 | Uncategorized
Did you ever think you could get a college degree in your skivvies and bare feet? Perhaps not in any respectable campus classroom setting, but it is possible to earn a degree at home in front of your own computer through an online school. It’s actually happening every day. Hundreds of thousands of students attend classes over the Internet daily, making it possible to earn a respectable degree in the convenience of their own homes. Online schools have gained in popularity and continue to grow in use as this flexible learning environment gains credence.
Degrees in practically any field – education, sciences, business, art, humanities – can be earned through online and distance learning venues. Technology is amazingly available and proficient, allowing “virtual schools” to provide virtual classroom experiences and allowing learning and interaction between students and instructors. Students often interact with professors and other students enrolled in the same classes through online discussion boards.
Vocational and technical schools also offer distance learning and online degrees. Enrollees can study culinary arts, carpentry, engineering, graphic design, health care, computer technology, and much more for diplomas and certificates and associate degrees. Other students may prefer non-credit courses for the pleasure of learning a new skill or for broadening their experience through educational programs or single classes. Online schools allow learning anytime from anywhere. Students without a personal computer can even attend an online school in a public library, if necessary.
There are so many advantages to online courses: Parents can earn a degree without sacrificing the emotional and mental wellbeing of their children by studying online while kids are in school or tucked in for the night. Working adults can prepare for advancement or job changes without sacrificing their regular jobs to attend classes on campus somewhere. And, high schoolers can get a jump on college studies before college admission officially begins.
There is a drawback: To be successful in an online school, you must be self-disciplined and focused on achieving your goals. No one is going to look you in the eye and apply pressure to complete assignments or remind you of deadlines with a schedule that you control. Do yourself a favor and give your character and ambitions an honest assessment before starting on the online college path.
Also, before enrollment commences, keep in mind that accreditation is key to a quality education. A school that is not accredited amounts to little more than a waste of time. Schools must be accredited by national associations and organizations to confer online degrees that hold merit. In addition to determining accreditation, you should do some research on institutions that specialize in the areas and fields of your particular interest. Also check out the employment potential of your particular field; marketable degrees that are in demand are certainly more worthy of your time and effort than an obscure, meaningless degree.
If you are interested in learning more about schoolsgalore.com/categories/4/online_schools.html Online Schools and other programs of study, please search our site for more information and resources.
DISCLAIMER: Above is a GENERAL OVERVIEW and may or may not reflect specific practices, courses and/or services associated with ANY ONE particular school(s) that is or is not advertised on SchoolsGalore.com.
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Michael Bustamante is a staff writer for Media Positive Communications, Inc., in association with SchoolsGalore.com. Visit our schoolsgalore.com/distancelearning.cfm Distance Learning Directory and find schoolsgalore.com/categories/4/distance_learning_online_schools.html Distance Learning Online Schools and other Schools, Colleges, Universities, and Trade Schools at SchoolsGalore.com; your educational resource to locate schools.
Mar 28, 2008 | Uncategorized
When it comes to psychics, there is a whole range of tools that can be used. It is worth noting that these tools can be used by anyone, whether or not they have a psychic gift, and so you must be aware of the tools that are being used and whether or not the person using them has the gift. Although these tools can be used by anyone they only produce meaning and real messages to those with psychic gifts.
Tarot Cards
There are many different decks of Tarot Cards that might be used during a reading. There are many different cards in general that a psychic can use to do a reading or to clarify things that have already been read. These are also Rune Cards, Medicine Cards, Karma Cards, or the Phoenix Deck. A talented and gifted psychic can also use a regular deck of playing cards to do a reading. The cards that are used will have symbols that are drawings, paintings, numbers or even words, and these will be interpreted based on a number of different things, including the symbols, the order they appear, and the order the cards are laid out.
Astrology
In Astrology, a psychic will look at the way that the planets and stars are aligned in the different constellations and use these alignments to do a reading for you based upon certain things in your life, namely the astrology during the month, date and even the time at which you were born. These readings can predict the different characteristics you will have as well as the tendencies you will have, and also can predict events that will happen to you.
Numerology
Another tool that the psychic has is that of the reading of numbers. Different letters and numbers will align in different ways to give the psychic an idea of the different kinds of readings he or she can provide you with. Most of the time, the numbers that are used are from the person’s name and birthday. Using these numbers, different events can be predicted.
Runes
Runes are relics from ancient times. There are a few types of Runes that are used, which are mainly Nordic and Celtic. Runes are stones or squares that are inscribed with old symbols, and the psychic will use them to do your reading.
I Ching
I Ching is an ancient oracle from China that is used by having three coins thrown six times. This forms what is called a hexagram, which is made up of lines that are solid and broken. There is a meaning that is formed from the hexagram, and then the psychic will look up the meaning in a reference book, and provide a personal message to the client.
Reading Of Palms
Reading of palms, called palmistry, is the specialized skill of reading the lines in a person’s hand. A psychic that knows what the lines symbolize and mean can make predictions about our present and future, as well as tell us about our past.
Scrying
The word Scrying means “to reveal”. This is a very ancient art of being a clairvoyant, or clear seeing. The psychic will concentrate on a very reflective surface until they see visions in it. This can be a crystal ball, water in a bowl, or a mirror.
Dowsing
The last tool of the psychics is called Dowsing. This is using a forked stick, a pendulum, or even a metal rod to point towards yes or no answers.
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Mar 28, 2008 | Uncategorized
Pharmacy technicians are recognized only if they hold a certificate. To be a certified technician, one has to pass the national pharmacy training. The Pharmacy Technician Certification Board ensures the competency to become a pharmacy technician. Certified technicians prove to be very helpful to the pharmacists, as they can handle the patients and their prescriptions with ease.
In order to receive a pharmacy technician certification, one has to have a high school diploma. The certification is provided by the Pharmacy Technician Certification Board. These exams are held frequently at various locations. The pharmacy technician certification board conducts the National Pharmacy Technician Certification examination. It is well known that candidates who pass this exam will have an ability to handle patients skillfully and efficiently. They are called as Certified Pharmacy Technicians (CPhT). Pharmacy technicians who have passed the exam and have an experience of working in a hospital or at a health center will be much sought for people.
The certification that pharmacy technicians get should be recertified every two years. Within that two year certification period, the technicians should have undergone 20 contact hours of pharmacy related topics, after which they will become eligible for recertification. This acts as a check in this industry, as the technicians need to constantly update their knowledge.
Pharmacy technician certified candidates are given priority to work with pharmacists.
This technician certification involves learning of many things. Candidates learn to be independently confident. They are aware of their responsibilities and know to handle their work with endurance to perfection. Their way of approach to people and monitoring things in accordance to situation helps them in this field. The certificate gives them recognition, but they should have dedication, involvement and concern for other people. Their advice regarding medicines and dosages should be followed upon, for which they should be well versed with medicines and its effects.
In some conditions, people are hired as technicians without training. Even under such conditions, the pharmacists confirm from such technicians that they should become certified technicians within a specific period of time. They are provided on-the-job training after which they go for their certification. Many schools, hospitals, vocational or technical colleges provide formal educations regarding the qualities to become pharmacy technicians. A pharmacy technician certification helps to develop interpersonal skills and attitude in shaping one’s self to be a perfect technician.
e-pharmacytechnicians.com Pharmacy Technicians provides detailed information on Pharmacy Technician Careers, Pharmacy Technician Certification, Pharmacy Technician Continuing Education, Pharmacy Technician Exams and more. Pharmacy Technicians is affiliated with scales-web.com Digital Scales .
Mar 27, 2008 | Uncategorized
Libraries are a great place to go when you are seeking information for your business. Not only can you find books to help you start your business, run your business, create a business plan, locate other potential business customers and so much more. Added to this resource is the fast information available on the internet.
The Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh has an area on its Web site for business. Visit www.carnegielibrary.org/locations/downtown. I found a lot of information on creating and writing business plans. For the new entrepreneur, this subject is one of the hardest to get around.
According to Leslie Burger, president of the American Library Association, libraries are tailing a lot of what they do specifically to what’s going on in their geographic areas in terms of economic development.
When considering a new business, you must consider what you want to do, who else is doing it, where they are located, where you would like to locate your business and how do I write a business plan.
Many libraries have additional databases, journals and directories to help you. Online there are resources for creating forms and seeing samples and much more. When visiting the library, asking the librarian for help getting started can save time and get faster results. Good luck with your research.
Nan Wood is an Accountant and Real Estate professional online with
Mar 27, 2008 | Uncategorized
The Internet as we know it may well have had the human nervous system as its inspiration.
The nervous system relies on a high-speed communications network to alert the brain to information that affects all areas of the body.
For instance the impulses sent from the nervous system to the brain travel at up to 250 miles per hour. This is infinitely faster than the endocrine system that sends hormones through the bloodstream and may take an hour to get to their destination.
The nervous system has the full attention of the brain and the brain responds. The responses can be the result of pain, enjoyment or other sensory data.
Electrically charged neurons make up the communications landscape of the nervous system. When the nervous system kicks in electrical charges and chemical reactions are generated as information is sent on a fast track to a brain that either calls for action or reaction to the supplied data stream.
The three primary elements of the nervous system are the brain, the spinal chord and a complex nerve network reaching all areas of your body.
There are at least 24 different nerve centers in the body and all five senses are reflected in the system controlled by neurons.
The function of the nervous system is to gear the body up for action or calm it to the point of relaxation. The problem comes when our actions and our thought patterns tell our body’s nervous system to react in a way counter to what the body actually needs. For instance we can insist on being worried and our body’s nervous system works overtime to help us keep tense and alert when the risk we imagine is not an identifiable threat. This is often counterproductive to the actual needs of the body.
The journey of the nerve impulses has been described as “An electrical charge that travels down the cell membrane of a neuron’s dendrite and/or axon through the action of the Na-K pump. Ordinarily, the inside of a neuron’s cell membrane is negatively-charged while the outside is positively-charged. When sodium and potassium ions change places, this reverses the inner and outer charges causing the nerve impulse to travel down the membrane. A nerve impulse is “all-or-none:” it either goes or not, and there’s no halfway. However, a neuron needs a threshold stimulus, the minimum level of stimulus needed, to trigger the Na-K pump to go and the impulse to travel. A neuron cannot immediately fire again; it needs time for the sodium and potassium to return to their places and everything to return to normal. This time is called the refractory period.
“A junction between two nerve cells or a nerve and a muscle cell is called a synapse. In a synapse, various chemicals are used to transfer the impulse across the gap to the next cell. These are collectively known as neurotransmitters, and include such chemicals as dopamine (brain levels of which are low in Parkinson’s disease), serotonin, and acetylcholine (levels of which are low in myasthenia gravis).” [1]
The body’s nervous system is an intricate method that relies on a logical series of events to trigger an appropriate body response. Without this system we could not exist.
Perhaps the nervous system looks designed because it is designed.
[1] biology.clc.uc.edu/Courses/bio105/nervous.htm
Discover truth using simple everyday logic. Learn the truth about evolution and intelligent design. Articles, debate, and more. Obvious Truths: obvioustruths.com/ obvioustruths.com/
Mar 27, 2008 | Uncategorized
We all reach points in life when we feel that everything has plateaued. We can’t push any further processionally in our careers and because of this other areas of our life might seem stalled. Promotions don’t just grow on trees at most companies so it’s tough climbing the corporate ladder, not to mention all the other demands placed on you outside the office from your family and friends. You think wouldn’t earning an MBA degree just push you over the edge to the next level in your career. But how on earth would you ever find the time to make it happen? Most work places aren’t to keen on granting leave of absence for education, and of course quitting is pretty much out of the question unless you win the lottery. How can you progress your education and still support your families financial needs?
Distance learning MBA programs as a solution
So just when you didn’t think you could have your cake and eat it to, along comes distance learning MBA degrees. You can keep your current day job, and be able to study towards your MBA at the same time. No need to goto classes at a campus every week, you study when and where you want on your terms. You’re able to pursue your career goals and enhance your education on your terms not some high priced college or university.
One of the best features of an online distance MBA course is that there are no hard and fast schedules for classes. You’re able to complete course work at your own pace, and can move faster or slower at different points in the year when it suits your schedule. Exams can be written when you’re ready for it, and if life becomes to busy to manage your course work at particular times you can always put off exams to a later date when time permits.
While some people may tell you that a distance MBA program doesn’t hold the same prestige as a conventional program at a brick and mortar college their mistaken. Enrolling and completing an online MBA program is in many ways an even better option for your education than a conventional offline degree. Because distance learning allows you to enroll in your degree program while at the same time working full time to support yourself and your family.
While financial support is available for most distance learning programs, the benefit of being able to work and study usually allows most students to avoid taking on large volumes of debt in order to graduate. This means you can enjoy the financial benefits of your education faster.
A distant student enjoys as much if not more attention from instructors then those that attend classes at a local college. All material and guidance can be done via the Internet. This provides you with more options to communicate with classmates and instructors such as instant messaging, chat rooms, and email.
If you’re ready to take the next step in progressing your education take a moment to visit our websites progressyoureducation.com/Education/Online_Degrees/Accredited_Online_MBA_Program/
Online MBA course and progressyoureducation.com/Education/Online_Degrees/Associates_Degree_in_Business_Online/ Associate Business Degree.
Mar 27, 2008 | Uncategorized
The Columbus Schools ’ partnership programs will continue into the 2006-2007 school year. These programs are conducted jointly with Columbus Schools and local and state universities, colleges, academic organizations, community organizations and area volunteers. The programs are wide ranging and cover lots of different subjects and grade levels.
Columbus Schools’ Art Ventures Partnership Program
The Art Ventures Partnership Program is a program that jointly works with Columbus Schools’ elementary schools and The Wexner Center for the Arts. This program was created primarily for the fourth grade students and fourth grade teachers and all elementary school arts teachers. As a part of the program, fourth grade students will visit the Wexner Center for the Arts three times per school year. Each visit will focus on a different art program including visual arts and performing arts. There will also be lessons created by the Wexner Center for the Arts that include studio activities and interactive tours. The employees of the Wexner Center for the Arts will visit the Columbus Schools’ classrooms to prepare students and teachers prepare for visits and lessons. The Wexner Center for the Arts started the program in 1993 and now works with 45 elementary schools. The Wexner Center for the Arts aims to give the schools with connections to their regular curriculum. The Arts Venture Program provides students with an understanding the purpose and need for arts in society and can point out examples of art embedded in our environment.
Columbus Schools’ Global School Bus
The Global School Bus Partnership Program is a joint cooperation between Columbus Schools’ Mifflin Alternative and Ohio State University’s Office of International Affairs. This program brings an international connection to the prekinder- 12 classrooms. The Global School Bus Partnership Program uses presentations and hand-on activities about cultures from around the world. The countries that have been included in the program in past years are: France, Syria, Jordan, Egypt, South Africa, India, Taiwan, British West Indies, England, Italy, Bolivia, Greece, Mongolia, Ecuador, Chile, Japan, Quebec, Nepal, Ireland, Spain, Pakistan, Turkey, Cameroon, Germany, Poland, Russia, Czech Republic, China, Hong Kong, Mexico, Argentina, Australia, East Africa, Tanzania, and Indonesia. The project has citizens and experts from these and other countries share information on a variety of topics, including music, food, dance, customs and lifestyles, biodiversity, calligraphy, climate, international affairs, schools, and education with students in their classrooms.
Columbus Schools’ Buckeye Mentoring Hub
This partnership program is a large program that involves Columbus Schools’ members Como Elementary, Cranbrook Elementary, Crestview Middle School, Hubbard Elementary, Indianola Middle School, Whetstone High School; The Mentoring Center; the Big Brothers and Big Sisters of Ohio; and Ohio State University students. The project gives Ohio State students with a real opportunity to apply some of the educational strategies they study. Students will work with urban students who need to work on their leadership skills and negotiation skills. Mentoring is a great way for students to deal with youth violence. Started in 2004, the Buckeye Mentoring Hub has recruited, trained, and placed over 300 Ohio State student mentors with students in the Columbus Schools.
Stacy Andell is a staff writer for Schools K-12, providing free, in-depth reports on all U.S. public and private K-12 schools. Stacy has a nose for research and writes stimulating news and views on school issues. For more information please visit